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PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE PROPERTY The Australian Conict Sites are comprehensively protected and managed under a management system entitled the Australian Conict Sites strategic management framework (2008). The framework is endorsed by the Australian Government and the NSW, Tasmanian, WA and Norfolk Island governments. The framework comprises legislative regimes across Australia�s three levels of government, management plans for each of the sites and a range of strategies to ensure the highest level of protection for the sites. The Australian Convict Sites Steering Committee oversees the implementation of the framework. PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE PROPERTY 5.A OWNERSHIP Table 5.1: Ownership of the nominated sites. OWNERSHIP NORFOLK ISLAND KAVHALargely owned by the Commonwealth of Australia with some portions of land privately owned Old Government HouseState of New South Wales Hyde Park BarracksState of New South Wales Old Great North RoadState of New South Wales Cockatoo IslandCommonwealth of Australia TASMANIA Brickendon Woolmers Brickendon Estate is privately owned and occupied by the Archer family. Woolmers Estate is owned by the Woolmers Foundation Inc. Darlington State of Tasmania CascadesState of Tasmania and Female Factory Historic Site Ltd * Port ArthurState of Tasmania Coal MinesState of Tasmania Fremantle PrisonState of Western Australia The site is expected to be wholly owned by the Tasmanian Govern ment in 2008. The Female Factory Historic Site Ltd will remain actively involved as a community organisation. Australian Conict Sites strategic management framework (2008) � hereafter referred to as Strategic management framework 5.B PROTECTIVE DESIGNATION Legislation and associated planning and protection instruments have been established across three levels of government � national, state and territory (provincial), and local � to ensure the Australian Conict Sites� heritage values are comprehensively conserved and managed. All of the sites are protected by listing on statutory heritage registers Table 5.2: National and state heritage list legislation SITE LISTING NATIONAL HERITAGE LISTSTATE/TERRITORY HERITAGE REGISTER LEGISLATIONDATELEGISLATIONDATE KAVHA Enironment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. All sites are listed in the National Heritage List.* Cockatoo Island is also listed on the Commonwealth Heritage List. 1 Aug 2007Norfolk Island Heritage Register Norfolk Island Heritage Act 2002 17 Dec 2003 Old Government House 1 Aug 2007State Heritage Register New South Wales � Heritage Act 1977 9 June 1989 Hyde Park Barracks 1 Aug 2007State Heritage Register New South Wales � Heritage Act 1977 2 Oct 1981 Old Great North Road 1 Aug 2007State Heritage Register New South Wales � Heritage Act 1977 2 Apr 1999 Cockatoo Island 1 Aug 2007 Brickendon � Woolmers Estates 23 November Tasmanian Heritage Register Historic Cultural Heritage Act 1995 B � 9 Dec 1998 W � 7 Oct 1998 Darlington 1 Aug 2007Tasmanian Heritage Register Historic Cultural Heritage Act 1995 21 Nov 2001 Cascades 1 Aug 2007Tasmanian Heritage Register Historic Cultural Heritage Act 1995 Y1 � 9 Dec 1998 Y3 � 19 Sep 2001 Y4S � 9 Dec 1998 Port Arthur 3 June 2005Tasmanian Heritage Register Historic Cultural Heritage Act 1995 10 Mar 1998 Coal Mines 1 Aug 2007Tasmanian Heritage Register Historic Cultural Heritage Act 1995 9 Dec 1998 Fremantle Prison 1 Aug 2005State Register of Heritage Places Western Australia � Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990 10 Jan 1992 * Part of Yard 4 (Y4N) was recently purchased and is expected to be listed on state and national registers in 2008. at all levels of government. These registers include specific provisions for managing the heritage values of the site. Buffer zones are proposed for the nominated sites on the basis that they will be implemented upon inscription of the Australian Conict Sites on the World Heritage List . More Australia provides a high level of legal protection to its National Heritage and World Heritage properties with legislation across the three levels of government - national, state and territry and local. The heritage values of the Australian Conict Sites and the proposed buffer zones are safeguarded through a robust protection and management system. The Strategic management framework , endorsed by the Australian Government and relevant state and territory governments, includes a wide range of measures provided under planning and heritage legislation and policies of the Australian Government and the NSW, Tasmanian, Western Australian and Norfolk Island governments (see Part 5.D). This legislation provides protection beyond the site limits and buffer zones of the properties as outlined below. An overview table of the legislative context is provided at Table 5.3 below. 5.C MEANS OF IMPLEMENTING PROTECTIVE MEASURES Legislation Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 New South WalesTasmaniaWestern Port ArthurCoal MinesDarlingtonCascadesBrickendon- Legislation Tasman Planning Scheme 1979 Sydney Regional Plan no 28 Parramatta Sydney Local Environment Gosford Interim Order (IDO 122) Glamorgan Spring Bay Planning Scheme 1994 City of Hobart Planning Scheme 1982 Northern Midlands Planning Scheme 1995 City of Fremantle Local Planning Scheme No 4 Norfolk Island Plan 2002 Table 5.3: National, state/territory and local legislation for each of the sites. Australian Government legislation Enironment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act Australia�s obligations under the World Heritage Convention are reflected in the provisions of the Enironment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act to promote a nationally consistent standard for the management of Australian World Heritage properties. The legislation provides comprehensive national level protection for National Heritage and World Heritage places including protection that extends beyond the property boundary and the buffer zone. The Act established the National Heritage List to recognise and protect places of outstanding heritage value to the nation. All of the Australian Conict Sites are National Heritage places (see Part 5.B). In the event the sites are inscribed on the World Heritage List , they will become a World Heritage property protected under the Act. Any proposed action to be taken inside or outside the boundaries of a National Heritage place or a declared World Heritage property that may have a significant impact on these heritage values is prohibited without the approval of the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts. The Act requires that actions that may have a significant impact on National Heritage or World Heritage values must be subject to a rigorous assessment and approval process. The Minister Legislation relating to Norfolk Island Heritage Act 2002 Under the Heritage Act 2002 , all proposed use or development within KAVHA that requires approval must be publicly exhibited and referred to the Norfolk Island Planning and Environment Board for comment prior to Legislation relating to NSW sites Heritage Act 1977 The Heritage Act 1977 provides protection for places of natural and cultural heritage significance in NSW. It provides for the listing of heritage items or places on the State Heritage Register and the making of orders for their protection. Old Government House, Hyde Park Barracks and Old Great North Road are individually listed as heritage places. Any development application for these sites must be considered by the NSW Heritage Council. Cockatoo Island is an Australian Government-owned property and therefore is subject to additional heritage provisions of the Enironment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act Enironmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 The Enironmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 establishes the environmental and land use planning system for NSW and regulates the management, development and conservation of natural resources and the built environment. The Act allows for the creation of environmental planning instruments such as state environmental planning policies and local environmental plans. These planning instruments Legislation relating to Tasmanian sites Historic Cultural Heritage Act 1995 The Historic Cultural Heritage Act 1995 is the primary legislation that governs the management of places of historic cultural heritage significance entered on the Tasmanian Heritage Register under Tasmania�s resource planning and management system. Under the Act, the Tasmanian Heritage Council is the consent authority responsible for considering works proposed on places on the Tasmanian Heritage Register. Land Use Planning and Approals Act 1993 In addition to listing on the Tasmanian Heritage Regis- ter, the management of places of historic cultural heritage significance is also required to be in accordance with the relevant planning scheme, which is subject to the Land Use Planning and Approals Act . Each of the Tasmanian sites is also governed by planning schemes for the relevant local planning authority under this legislation. Tasmanian state coastal policy Darlington Probation Station, Port Arthur Historic Site and Coal Mines Historic Site The Tasmanian State coastal policy (1996) is a statutory document created under the State Policies and Projects Act . The policy applies to the �coastal zone� which includes the seabed, tidal waters and foreshore, the water, plants and animals and associated areas of human habitat and activity. The main principles of the policy are to ensure: the protection of the natural and cultural values; ensure the area is used and developed in a sustainable manner; and ensure there is shared responsibility for the management and protection of the area. All future use and development of public land in the coastal zone is to be consistent with this policy. National Parks and Reserves Management Act � Cascades Female Factory, Darlington Probation Station, Port Arthur Historic Site and Coal Mines Historic Site Darlington, Cascades, Port Arthur and the Coal Mines are on declared reserved land under the Nature Conservation Act 2002 .* The sites are managed in accordance with the objectives of the National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002 . These objectives include: to conserve sites or areas of cultural significance; to encourage education based on the purposes of reservation and the natural or cultural values of the national park, or both; and to encourage and provide for tourism, recreational use and enjoyment consistent with the conservation of the national park�s natural and cultural values. The Maria Island National Park (Darlington) is currently managed in accordance with a statutory management plan, the Maria Island National Park and Ile Des Phoques Nature Reserve management plan WA legislation Heritage of Western Australia Act � Fremantle Prison The Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990 provides for the conservation of places which have significance to the cultural heritage of WA and establishes the Heritage Council of Western Australia. The Act establishes the Register of Heritage Places which lists places, buildings, archaeological sites, historic gardens, landscape features and historic Municipal plans and policies are in place to provide for the protection of the Australian Conict Sites. These instruments are able to provide for a buffer zone to ensure the effective protection of the nominated sites from development within the surrounding area that may threaten the proposed World Heritage values. Norfolk Island plan (2002) � Kingston and Arthur�s Vale Historic Area (KAVHA) KAVHA does not have a buffer zone as the heritage values are fully protected within the existing viewsheds of the site. The Norfolk Island plan (2002) provides a strategic planning framework for the long-term preferred future use, development and management of land. Any development or use within KAVHA must be considered in the context 5.D EXISTING PLANS RELATED TO MUNICIPALITY AND REGION IN WHICH THE PROPOSED PROPERTY IS LOCATED Gosford interim development order (1979) � Old Great North Road The Gosford interim development order 1979 , as amended by the Local enironmental plan 460 (2006), applies to land incorporating Dharug National Park and Old Great North Road. The key objectives of the heritage conservation provisions are: to conserve the environmental heritage of the area; to conserve the heritage significance of heritage items and heritage conservation areas including associated fabric, Glamorgan�Spring Bay planning scheme � Darlington Probation Station A buffer zone exists within the Maria Island National Park and is protected under the Nature Conservation Act Both the Darlington precinct and Maria Island National Park are recognised as heritage sites under the Glamorgan�Spring Bay planning scheme (1994). The scheme applies to the municipal area of Glamorgan�Spring Bay and outlines the requirements for approval prior to development. It requires that use or development of land cannot be carried out without first obtaining a permit from the Glamorgan�Spring Bay Council in accordance with the provisions of the scheme except where specifically stated that a permit is not required. The scheme includes provisions for heritage sites. Any use or development of a heritage site (with some exceptions) requires a permit. The Council takes into account the provisions of the planning scheme and the Historic Cultural Heritage Act 1995 in considering applications for a permit. City of Hobart planning scheme � Cascades Female Factory A buffer zone for Cascades will be established under the new Hobart City Council planning scheme now in draft form. The City of Hobart planning scheme (1982) allows for the protection of Cascades through general planning scheme requirements and its listing on the Council's Heritage Register. It identifies the site as having a special significance to Hobart Municipality. In considering development applications the Council takes into account the definitions, Buffer zones for most of the 11 sites have been established or are in the process of being established under various mechanisms including national legislation, state legislation and state and municipal planning schemes (see Parts 5.B, 5.C and 5.D). The Enironment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 provides comprehensive national level protection for National Heritage and World Heritage places including protection that extends beyond the property boundary and the buffer zone. This applies to any action which may have a significant impact on the National Heritage or World Heritage values. KAVHA KAVHA is comprehensively protected by a natural buffer zone within the boundaries of the site. The extensive boundaries and natural buffer areas of the site protect all of the significant fabric, views, vistas and landscape elements. They also guard against encroachment by development. AUSTRALIAN CONVICT SITES � BUFFER ZONES Brickendon Woolmers Estates A buffer zone exists as an item of cultural significance under the Northern Midlands planning scheme The item of cultural significance designation is the mechanism used to conserve and protect the world heritage values for which the site has been listed. Darlington Probation Station A buffer zone exists with in the Maria Island National Park and is protected under the Nature Conservation Act . Both the Darlington precinct and Maria Island are recognised as heritage sites under the Glamorgan-Spring Bay planning scheme ( 1994). The buffer zone will conserve and preserve: significant views and vistas to and from the Darlington historic site; the physical fabric and structural integrity of convict-built and engineered elements; and convict era archaeological sites that extend beyond the immediate area of Darlington and into the buffer zone. Darlington is situated on Maria Island which is a national (Schedule F). The scheme, in particular the Heritage Schedule, provide for the recognition and protection of values of 'Heritage Areas' as well as places and sites. Port Arthur Historic Site A buffer zone will be established under a revised Tasman planning scheme (draft). The World Heritage values are contained within a 114 hectare area within Port Arthur that is protected under the Enironment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 . This area is screened by forest from site management and operational facilities that are located within a buffer zone. The buffer zone of 1,205 hectares extends to the west and south, encompassing the ridge lines of Mt Arthur, and providing A comprehensive management system is in place for the Australian Conict Sites which operates across three levels of government. The system comprises the Australian Conict Sites strategic management framework (2008) endorsed by all ministers, legislation at the national, state and municipal levels and management plans for each of the sites. The management plans have been prepared by heritage specialists following the general guidelines for conservation 5.E PROPERTY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Kingston and Arthur's Vale Historic Area (KAVHA) management plan The KAVHA management plan (2008) guides conservation, uses and future development; provides a clear basis for Some of the management plans for the 11 convict sites that have been prepared over many decades. Hyde Park Barracks management plan The Hyde Park Barracks management plan (2007) ensures a strategic approach to guide the long-term and short-term conservation and protection of the site. The plan contains management of the both the Port Arthur Historic Site and the Coal Mines Historic Site through: identification of the natural and cultural heritage resources and significance of the site; policies that guide conservation, interpretation, management and use; and informing stakeholders of the Planning Australian Convict Sites � Strategic Management Framework (2008) New South WalesTasmaniaWestern Port ArthurCoal MinesDarlingtonCascades Territory (Provincial) Government Old Great Table 5.4: Management system for the Australian Conict Sites. The Australian Conict Sites are financed primarily from state and territory governments with the exception of Brickendon Woolmers which are primarily funded from private sources. The sites receive supplementary funding from a number of other sources including income generated at the individual sites and Australian Government grants programs. Brickendon Woolmers are privately run operations that periodically receive grants funding from both the Australian and Tasmanian governments. Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts The Australian Government has an obligation to ensure that the objectives of the World Heritage Conention 5.F SOURCES AND LEVELS OF FINANCE Hyde Park Barracks A$500,000 per annum of which 40 per cent is directed back into site conservation and maintenance. While the estates do not receive recurrent government funding, they are eligible for other forms of government financial assistance. Both estates receive support and expertise from the Tasmanian and Australian governments including access to grant funding for conservation measures. Darlington Probation Station Darlington is funded by the Tasmanian Government. The ongoing management and maintenance of Darlington is funded out of the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service Entry fees, tours, education and public programs and events are a major contributor to funding at Fremantle Prison. Australia has access to a large pool of heritage professionals in government departments and private practice. The nominated sites can draw on specialist expert services as well as heritage officers in government departments and heritage advisory bodies. Some of these are outlined below. On site heritage consultants provide advice on maintenance techniques. Archaeologists and heritage architects provide advice on a wide range of issues. Consultants and contractors have expertise in heritage structures and ruins. Conservation consultants have been engaged to prepare and revise conservation management plans for each of the sites. At the state and territory level, heritage offices provide advice on conservation and management techniques and act as a conduit to specialist services. At the national level, the Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts provides advice on the protection, conservation and promotion of National Heritage and World Heritage properties. Kingston and Arthur�s Vale Historic Area (KAVHA) The KAVHA Management Board includes four members from the Australian and Norfolk Island governments with expertise in heritage and management matters. The Board also engages a heritage architect, an archaeologist and an interpretation consultant as required. The KAVHA conservation works team has developed a wide range of conservation skills. Many members of the team have worked at KAVHA for more than a decade. 5.G SOURCES OF EXPERTISE AND TRAINING IN CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT TECHNIUES Old Government House and Domain The Old Government House and Domain Executive Management Panel comprises representatives from a range of expert groups. Specialists are engaged for landscape works, building conservation, materials conservation and archaeology. Hyde Park Barracks The Historic Houses Trust utilises expert advice from in-house specialists and external consultants. Advice is sought from experts in a number of fields including history, conservation architecture, archaeology, materials conservation, museum curatorship and interpretation. Conservation guidelines, a museum plan and a conservation management plan for the site includes policy requirements and recommendations for using appropriate expert advice in a range of situations. This includes assessment and repair of structures, archaeological investigation and recording, care of collections and interpretation. Brickendon Woolmers Estates The advice and/or services of professionals in the relevant field are engaged for specific projects or conservation works. The site has an appointed heritage adviser within Heritage Tasmania. Darlington Probation Station The Historic Heritage Section of the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service comprise two heritage specialists and a Heritage Tasmania appointed advisor. The specialists advise field staff on heritage related issues. Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service officers undertake maintenance and minor works. These officers have skills in conservation management and heritage. Old Great North Road NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service officers who undertake day-to-day site management have tertiary qualifications in reserve conservation and management. Two field officers who assist with the management and maintenance of the site have park management qualifications. Heritage advice is provided by NSW Government professional staff who have tertiary qualifications in archaeology and heritage management. Consultants are also engaged as required. An independent engineering or archaeological assessment is commissioned for any major projects or repairs of historic features. A consultant was engaged to prepare the management and maintenance plans for the site. Cascades Female Factory Cascades Steering Group comprises experts from Port Arthur, Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service and Tourism. It provides advice and direction on conservation, interpretation and management of Cascades. Skilled officers of the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service undertake maintenance and minor works. A dedicated heritage manager is employed to manage day-to-day issues and provide expert advice. A pool of volunteers has wide experience working at the site over a number of years on minor conservation works, interpretation and visitor services. Port Arthur Historic Site The Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority has a board of directors and a large pool of highly qualified staff. The Director of Conservation and Infrastructure has expertise in heritage management. The Port Arthur Board consists of seven members incorporating international expertise in a range of management disciplines. Port Arthur staff have qualifications and specialist skills in cultural heritage management, tourism and visitor services, The Fremantle Prison Advisory Committee is made up of experts from management and heritage related fields that are able to provide advice on the management of the site. In addition, consultants with specialist skills are engaged to provide conservation and restoration advice or archaeological research. Contractors qualified and trained in heritage work also undertake remedial activities. Conservation works to the New Gaol, Port Arthur (left) and the Main Cell Block, Fremantle Prison (right). Reproduced courtesy of: Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority (left). Fremantle Prison (right). Kingston and Arthur�s Vale Historic Area (KAVHA) The annual number of visitors to Norfolk Island is 35,000. Visitor facilities within KAVHA include four museums, the KAVHA Research and Interpretation Centre, four Heritage Walking Trails, the scenic Flagstaff walkway with site viewing areas, the Pier Store Caf� (Royal Engineer's Office) and Lions Club historic photographic display. Visitors 5.H VISITOR FACILITIES AND STATISTICS Coal Mines Historic Site The annual number of visitors is approximately 22,000. Facilities located at the site include interpretive signs, self- Interactive school group tour of Cockatoo Island. Reproduced courtesy of: Sydney Harbour Federation Trust. Management plans and a range of policies and other measures ensure the high level presentation and promotion of the sites. The cultural significance of the sites is communicated to visitors through strategies tailored to the special features of each of the sites. Kingston and Arthur�s Vale Historic Area (KAVHA) Interpretive mechanisms are in place to promote a good understanding of the heritage values of the site. These include interpretive panels, tours, brochures, publications, websites, historical videos and museum facilities (see Part 4.B iv). KAVHA is used extensively in the promotion of Norfolk Island as a tourist destination. Old Government House and Domain The landscape of the site provides a framework of opportunities for stories and interpretation of the site and its history. Management plans contain policies for 5.I POLICIES AND PROGRAMS RELATED TO THE PRESENTATION AND PROMOTION OF THE PROPERTY Darlington Probation Station See Part 5.H. Old Great North Road A range of interpretive strategies are used to promote an understanding of the site. The Strategy for signage outlines locations and types of signage to be implemented at the site. The site is promoted at nea rby visitor centres and NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service offices. The Old Great art installations conducted at the site and as travelling exhibitions. Cascades has been involved in several highly innovative community projects aimed at raising community awareness of the history of female convicts and their babies in female factories. In 2005, a travelling exhibition of babies� Exhibition symbolising the death of female convicts' babies at Cascades Female Factory. The exhibition travelled to other convict heritage sites in Australia. Reproduced courtesy of: Christina Henri. Cockatoo Island Convict Site A convict trail around the plateau area is scheduled to commence in 2008. A small book, The story of Cockatoo Island can be purchased by visitors. An archaeological research program and other various activities encourage public participation at the site. An events program in 2007 included a major art installation, a music event and programs of the Sydney Writers Festival. Archaeological digs will also be used to promote interest in the convict history of the Fremantle Prison The 5.J STAFFING LEVELS (PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, MAINTENANCE) Table 5.5: Staffing at nominated sites SITE NUMBER OF STAFF IN OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORY TOTAL NUMBER OF STAFF EXECUTIVE MAINTENANCE PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL CUSTOMER SERVICE ADMINISTRATION KAVHA 01301216 plus a large pool of volunteers Old Government House 32.682.5319.1 Hyde Park Barracks 0128213 Brickendon� Woolmers 1211032257 Darlington 105107 Old Great North Road 130004 Cascades 0110.511 plus a large pool of volunteers Port Arthur Coal Mines 723127910131 Cockatoo Island 1267218 Fremantle Prison 13326134